CALCIUM FROM MILK
BURNS FAT FASTER
In a study published July, 2006, it was shown that when
calories were restricted, fat was burned faster in the presence of calcium from
dietary sources. “Elemental” calcium
(from pills) was less effective.
Perhaps drinking a little nonfat milk with each meal would
increase the fat-burn.
Note: Coke's new negative-energy drink contains calcium as one of the active ingredients; however, the press releases are keeping it a secret that the calcium also increases the fat-burning:
10/12/2006-A joint venture of Nestlé S.A. and The Coca-Cola Company is launching a drink, that according to the press release, is proven to burn calories. The calorie-burning beverage is called Enviga, and will reach the U.S. market in the Northeast in November. A national rollout is planned for January 2007. The sparkling green tea contains green tea extracts, calcium, and caffeine.
Calcium consumption levels may induce CR. A new paper used to randomized,
cross-over approach, which is an apparently superior method of examining the
role of a factor on health. The vitamin D levels in the three diet meals
were: LD, 40nM; HC, 45nM; and HD, 364 nM.
Therefore, vitamin D may have no
role in the effect of calcium of causing CR. The below paper is
pdf-availed. The CR related papers that are or
are not free full text
papers or pdf-availed are of potential interest for
their contributions to
our science of CR.
Cummings NK, James AP, Soares MJ.
The acute effects of different sources of dietary calcium on
postprandial
energy metabolism.
Br J Nutr. 2006 Jul;96(1):138-44.
PMID: 16870002 http://tinyurl.com/fy267
Dairy Ca intake has been shown to be superior
to elemental Ca in
increasing the loss of body fat during energy restriction. We questioned
whether the mechanisms involved an increase in postprandial energy
expenditure, fat oxidation and/or a greater lipolysis.
The acute effects of
different sources of Ca were examined in eight subjects, aged 47-66 years
and BMI 27.6-36.1 kg/m2, in a three-way cross-over study. Subjects were
randomly provided breakfast meals either low in dairy Ca and vitamin D (LD;
control), high in non-dairy Ca (calcium citrate) but low in vitamin D (HC)
or high in dairy Ca and vitamin D (HD). Diet-induced thermogenesis,
fat
oxidation rates (FOR), carbohydrate oxidation rates (COR), insulin, glucose,
NEFA and glycerol were measured hourly over a 6 h postprandial period.
Postprandial data were calculated as a change (Delta) from the fasting
value. Results showed that DeltaNEFA was
significantly different between
meals (LD -1.50 (sem 0.26),
HC -1.22 (sem 0.32), HD -0.94 (sem
0.27) mmol/l
x 6 h; P = 0.035), with a lesser suppression following both high-Ca meals.
DeltaFOR was significantly higher following the two
high-Ca meals (LD -6.5
(sem 2.2), HC 2.93 (sem 2.34), HD 3.3 (sem 2.5) g x 6
h; P = 0.005), while
reciprocally DeltaCOR was significantly lower. DeltaGlycerol was less
suppressed following the high-Ca meals but statistical significance was not
achieved. No differences in diet-induced thermogenesis,
insulin or glucose
were observed. Regardless of source, Ca intake acutely stimulated
postprandial fat oxidation; and there was a lesser suppression of NEFA
following these meals.
... three clinical studies
have documented that a high-dairy-Ca diet
accelerated fat loss, particularly from the abdominal region. These results
were obtained under energy-deficit conditions [the
free-full-text
http://tinyurl.com/ycyv8b
paper, the pdf-availed http://tinyurl.com/yezuej
paper and the free-full-test http://tinyurl.com/ydqcue paper] , as well as
during weight maintenance [the free-full-test http://tinyurl.com/ydqcue
paper] . The studies of Thompson et al. [the free-full-text
http://tinyurl.com/ybszkz
paper] and Harvey-Berino et al. [the
free-full-text http://www.obesityresearch.org/cgi/content/full/13/10/1720
paper] , however, did not replicate these outcomes. Both studies
concluded
that a high-Ca diet did not augment weight loss above that obtained from
energy restriction alone. ...
Table 4. The influence of the source of calcium on
postprandial
thermogenesis and substrate oxidation (Mean values
with their standard
errors for eight subjects)
==========================================================
LD---HC---HD---Significance by ANOVA for
Mean SEM---Mean SEM---Mean---SEM repeated measures (P)
==========================================================
Thermogenesis (kJ/6 h)^* 155.3 26.3 170.8 32.4 165-7
19.5 0.59
DIT (%) 6.5 1.1 7.2 1.4 7.0 0.8 0.58
Change in RQ^* 0.32a 0.09 0 .0 3 9 b 0.08 0 .0 2 4 b 0.11 0.029
Change in protein oxidation (g/6 h)^* -11.5 2.4 -13.7 0.7 16.7 4.4 0.31
Change in carbohydrate oxidation (g/6 h)^* 34.1a 7-6 13 -6b 7-5 15.2b 7.1
0.032
Adjusted sum of carbohydrate oxidation (g/6 h)^? 68.0 5.1 72.5 4.8 59.8 7.5
0.061
Change in fat oxidation (g/6 h)^* 6.5a 2.2 2.9b 2.3 3 .3b 2-5 0.005
Adjusted sum of fat oxidation (g/6 h)^? 14.1a 1.8 18.2ab 1.7 20.9b 2-4 0.039
Change in glucose (mmol/1) 2-04 1.25 1.65 0.50 1.73 1.02 0.76
Change in insulin (?IU/ml)^* 181.93 50.18 188.18 31-90 193-09 40.16 0.73
Change in NEFA (mmol/l)^* - 1.50a 0.26 - 1 .2 2 ab 0.32 -0.94b 0.27 0.035
Change in glycerol (?M)^* 48.29 27.0 0.99 25.62 2.31 26.78 0.31
==========================================================
LD, low dairy Ca and vitamin D (control); HC, high non-dairy Ca
(calcium
citrate) and low vitamin D; HD, high dairy Ca and vitamin D. DIT,
diet-induced thermogenesis
a,b Mean values within a row with unlike
superscript letters were
significantly different (P<0.05; post hoc least significant difference
procedure).
^* Calculated as sum of postprandial values over 6h - (fasting
value per
h x 6).
^? Calculated as sum of postprandial values over 6 h adjusted for
fasting
baseline.
... in a prospective study of
energy restriction, these authors showed
a greater 24 h fat oxidation following high Ca intakes (Melanson
et al.
[the not pdf-availed http://tinyurl.com/yluqlt
paper] ). ...
... To the best of our knowledge, the present
prospective study is the
first to show a greater postprandial FOR following high-Ca meals, both dairy
and non-dairy. The lesser postprandial suppression of NEFA would drive the
increase in the fat oxidation, and the trend for a greater lipolysis
would
serve to maintain the relatively higher NEFA levels following such meals.
Such data provide a mechanistic framework for understanding how the intake
of Ca-rich foods may lead to a greater fat loss in obese human subjects
undergoing energy restriction. ...